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AI architecture: the relation between model and system
A model is a computational core—an algorithm with trained parameters that converts inputs into outputs. It performs a specific task: a classification model recognizes images, a language model generates text, and a predictive model estimates future values.
A system, on the other hand, represents the entire tool that the user interacts with, i.e., the complete application or platform that uses the model and makes it available to users; it includes the user interface, additional features, security measures, etc.
A system can be built on one or more models, and conversely, multiple systems can run on a single model.
| AI TOOL | MODEL | SYSTEM |
|---|---|---|
| ChatGPT | GPT-4o, GPT-4, GPT-3.5 | ChatGPT by OpenAI |
| Copilot | GPT-4, GPT-4 Turbo | Copilot by Microsoft |
| Gemini | Gemini 1.5 Pro, Gemini 1.5 Flash | Gemini by Google |
| Claude | Opus 4 and Sonnet 4 | Claude by Anthropic |
